Europe Autonomous Cars Market
Europe Autonomous Cars Market, By Vehicle Autonomy (Semi-Autonomous Car and Fully Autonomous Car), By Vehicle Type (Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), and Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)), By Application (Personal and Commercial), By Country (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Spain, and Rest of Europe), Trend Analysis, Competitive Market Share & Forecast, 2018-2028
- Published Date: June 2022
- Report ID: BWC22189
- Available Format: PDF
- Page: 114
Report Overview
Europe Autonomous Cars Market is flourishing owing to the supportive government initiatives for the development of autonomous cars along with the rising need for efficient and safe travel, as well as advancements in connected and electric car technologies...
Europe Autonomous Cars Market - Industry Trends & Forecast Report 2028
Europe Autonomous Cars Market is steadily growing at a CAGR of 28.4% during the forecast period (2022-2028). The rapid expansion of the market is predominantly due to the factors such as improvements in safety and a reduction in traffic congestion. Also, the transition from ownership to mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) propels the market growth across Europe. Moreover, European laws related to corporate/M&A transactions, intellectual property, product liability, and cybersecurity provide a conducive environment for the growth of the Europe Autonomous Cars Market. Furthermore, automobile manufacturers are shifting their preference to making highly safety-enabled cars to prevent accidents and to support the steadily growing security-enabled autonomous cars market. All these factors reinforce the Europe Autonomous Cars Market during the forecast period (2022-2028).
Europe Autonomous Cars - Overview
An autonomous car is a type of vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and operating safely with little or without human involvement. Thus, this car is also known as a driverless car or robotic car. Autonomous cars combine a variety of sensors and software to recognize their surroundings such as thermographic cameras, radar, GPS, Lidar, Sonar, Odometry, and inertial measurement units. In addition, there are some levels of driving automation such as level 0, level 1, level3, level 4, and level 5. If a car has level 0, level 1, or level 2 driver support systems, an active and engaged driver is required. Moreover, if a vehicle has a level 3, level 4, or level 5 automated driving system, the technology takes complete control of the driving without human supervision.
Europe Autonomous Cars Market Forecast and Trends
Growth Drivers
Supportive Government Initiatives for the Development of Autonomous Cars
The rising prevalent laws acts as a major driving factor for the European Autonomous Car Market. The autonomous car is developing rapidly in Europe owing to its favorable laws governing product liability and corporate/M&A transactions. For instance, in 2017, DGT collaborated with Mobileye to prepare Spain’s regulatory policy and infrastructure ecosystem for autonomous cars. Moreover, in Spain, the Directorate General of Traffic (DGT) encourages the operation of all self-driving vehicles up to level 5 on the roads. In addition, major OEMs and technology providers are working on level 4 and level 5 automation as they have received the authorization to test driverless cars on public roads. All these government support, as well as manufacturers’ initiatives, are driving the Europe Autonomous Cars Market.
The Efficient Features of Autonomous Cars are Attracting Consumers
The efficient road traffic management in Europe acts as a major driving factor for the growth of the Europe Autonomous Cars Market. Also, the safer performance of autonomous cars compared to conventional cars aid to fuel the market growth. Moreover, the rising concern of road accidents due to human errors, inappropriate speed, and failure to pay attention is shifting the focus of consumers toward autonomous cars. Furthermore, the integration of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) in semi-autonomous cars fuels the autonomous cars demand in this region. ADAS features include Traction Control, an anti-lock braking system, night vision, automatic parking, blind-spot monitor, and automatic emergency braking. All these factors attract consumers to automatic and safe driving techniques leading to the growth of the Europe Autonomous Cars Market during the forecast period.
Expanding Research and Innovations on Autonomous Cars
The government of Europe has funded several new projects to carry out research on autonomous cars on highways. The government also allows autonomous cars to operate on public roads without any permits or extra insurance. Moreover, the various automakers are investing in autonomous technology to increase the self-driving cars' innovation process. In addition, OEMs in the region are developing LIDAR technology in the automotive. Moreover, various market players are forming partnerships with various start-ups to develop and launch innovative self-driving vehicles. All these factors reinforce growth of the Europe Autonomous Cars Market during the forecast period (2022-2028).
Restraints
High Upfront Cost Affect the Manufacturing Processes
High-cost is associated with the manufacturing of autonomous cars. This is because autonomous car manufacturing involves expensive materials such as sensors, cameras, radar, emergency braking, auto-steering, and others. This is making it difficult for most manufacturers to focus on them. In addition, self-driving cars are extremely innovative and technologically advanced, which also makes them cost higher. Moreover, the advanced software, hardware, and technology involved in the creation as well as functioning of autonomous cars are likely to come with a high upfront cost for companies to manufacture. Therefore, these expensive cars are not affordable for some consumers which hinder their demand. All these factors restrain the growth of the Europe Autonomous Cars Market
Impact of COVID-19 on Europe Autonomous Cars Market
The sudden outbreak COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the growth of the Europe Autonomous Cars Market. Governments announced a complete lockdown across Europe. The shutdown of all industries including automotive declines production of new vehicles thereby, hindering the market growth. Also, the closure of transportation and economic crisis decrease the demand for autonomous cars. Presently, the world is getting back on the recovery track gradually with the new restriction and policies along with a significant recovery in product sales across the retail sector. These factors may offer lucrative opportunities in the Europe Autonomous Cars Market to support the economic activities across all industries in the region.
Europe Autonomous Cars Market - By Vehicle Autonomy
Based on the vehicle autonomy, the Europe Autonomous Cars Market is segmented into Semi-Autonomous Car and Fully Autonomous Car. Semi-autonomous car is further classified into level 1, level 2, and level 3. Among these, semi-autonomous Level 3 cars dominate the entire market share owing to their enormous high demand. Also, these level 3 systems enable drivers to take their hands-off the wheel and feet off the pedals. But, only in an emergency, the human must need to take control when the car requests it. However, the fully autonomous car segment is expected to grow faster during the forecast period with such cars’ launch slated for 2023. The fully autonomous car category is subdivided into level 4 and level 5, based on automation level. During the forecast period, level 4 cars are expected to account for the larger market share in terms of volume.
Europe Autonomous Cars Market - By Vehicle Type
Based on vehicle type, the Europe Autonomous Cars Market is segmented into Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), and Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV). The Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) segment holds the largest market share owing to the high growth potential for the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) in the country of Sweden, Germany, and the Netherlands. The country has a well-maintained infrastructure with publicly-available electric vehicle charging station. Moreover, Battery Electric Vehicle (BEVs) is expected to dominate the market during the forecast period. This is because the deployment of fully autonomous technology is easier in BEVs as compared to other-fuel-type cars.
Europe Autonomous Cars Market - Regional Analysis
Geographically, the Europe Autonomous Cars Market is segmented into Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Spain, and the Rest of Europe. Germany accounts to hold the largest market share owing to the presence of major original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in the country, which is launching new models with advanced automation levels. Various OEMs including BMW, Volkswagen AG, and Tesla Inc. are introducing new car models for public purchase as well as for commercial purposes. These cars are equipped with advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) features. This further boosts the growth of the Europe Autonomous Cars Market during the forecast period (2022-2028).
Competitive Landscape
The leading market players in the Europe Autonomous Cars Market are Tesla Inc., Daimler AG, Volkswagen Group, PSA Group, Renault Group, BMW Group, General Motors Company, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V., Ford Motor Company, Toyota Motor Corporation, and others.
The market is highly fragmented with the presence of several manufacturing companies in the country. The market leaders retain their supremacy by spending on research and development, incorporating cutting-edge technology into their goods, and releasing upgraded items for customers. Various tactics, including strategic alliances, agreements, mergers, and partnerships, are used.
Recent Development
- In June 2020, Mercedes-Benz and NVIDIA entered into a partnership to create a revolutionary in-vehicle computing system and AI computing infrastructure. This will be rolled out across the fleet of next-generation Mercedes-Benz vehicles, enabling them with upgradable automated driving functions. Working together, the companies plan to develop the most sophisticated and advanced computing architecture.
Scope of the Report
Attributes | Details |
Years Considered | Historical data – 2018-2021 |
Base Year – 2021 | |
Forecast – 2022 – 2028 | |
Facts Covered | Revenue in |
Product Service/Segmentation | By Vehicle Autonomy, By Vehicle Type, By Application, By Country |
Key Players | Tesla Inc., Daimler AG, Volkswagen Group, PSA Group, Renault Group, BMW Group, General Motors Company, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V., Ford Motor Company, Toyota Motor Corporation, and others. |
By Vehicle Autonomy
- Semi-Autonomous Car
- Level 1
- Level 2
- Level 3
- Fully Autonomous Car
- Level 4
- Level 5
By Vehicle Type
- Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
- Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
By Application
- Personal
- Commercial
By Country
- Germany
- U.K.
- France
- Italy
- Spain
- Rest of Europe
- Research Framework
- Research Objective
- Market Overview
- Market Segmentation
- Research Methodology
- Qualitative Research
- Primary & Secondary Research
- Quantitative Research
- Market Breakdown & Data Triangulation
- Secondary Research
- Primary Research
- Assumption & Limitation
- Qualitative Research
- Executive Summary
- Europe Autonomous Car Market Insights
- Industry Value Chain Analysis
- DROC Analysis
- Growth Drivers
- Restraints
- Opportunities
- Challenges
- Technological Landscape
- Recent Development
- Regulatory Framework
- Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
- Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- Bargaining Power of Buyers
- Threat of New Entrants
- Threat of Substitutes
- Intensity of Rivalry
- Europe Autonomous Car Market Overview
- Market Size & Forecast by Value & Volume, 2018-2028
- By Value (USD Million)
- By Volume (Thousand Units)
- Market Share & Forecast
- By Vehicle Autonomy
- Semi-Autonomous Car
- Level 1
- Level 2
- Level 3
- Fully Autonomous Car
- Level 4
- Level 5
- Semi-Autonomous Car
- By Vehicle Type
- Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
- Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
- By Application
- Personal
- Commercial
- By Country
- Germany
- U.K.
- France
- Italy
- Spain
- Rest of Europe
- By Vehicle Autonomy
- Market Size & Forecast by Value & Volume, 2018-2028
- Germany Autonomous Car Market Overview
- Market Size & Forecast by Value & Volume, 2018-2028
- By Value (USD Million)
- By Volume (Thousand Units)
- Market Share & Forecast
- By Vehicle Autonomy
- By Vehicle Type
- By Application
- U.K. Autonomous Car Market Overview
- Market Size & Forecast by Value & Volume, 2018-2028
- By Value (USD Million)
- By Volume (Thousand Units)
- Market Share & Forecast
- By Vehicle Autonomy
- By Vehicle Type
- By Application
- France Autonomous Car Market Overview
- Market Size & Forecast by Value & Volume, 2018-2028
- By Value (USD Million)
- By Volume (Thousand Units)
- Market Share & Forecast
- By Vehicle Autonomy
- By Vehicle Type
- By Application
- Italy Autonomous Car Market Overview
- Market Size & Forecast by Value & Volume, 2018-2028
- By Value (USD Million)
- By Volume (Thousand Units)
- Market Share & Forecast
- By Vehicle Autonomy
- By Vehicle Type
- By Application
- Spain Autonomous Car Market Overview
- Market Size & Forecast by Value & Volume, 2018-2028
- By Value (USD Million)
- By Volume (Thousand Units)
- Market Share & Forecast
- By Vehicle Autonomy
- By Vehicle Type
- By Application
- Rest of Europe Autonomous Car Market Overview
- Market Size & Forecast by Value & Volume, 2018-2028
- By Value (USD Million)
- By Volume (Thousand Units)
- Market Share & Forecast
- By Vehicle Autonomy
- By Vehicle Type
- By Application
- Impact of Covid-19 on Europe Autonomous Car Market Industry
- Company Profile (Company Overview, Financial Matrix, Competitive landscape, Key Personnel, Key Competitors, Contact Address, and Strategic Outlook) **
- Tesla Inc.
- Daimler AG
- Volkswagen Group
- PSA Group
- Renault Group
- BMW Group
- General Motors Company
- Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
- Ford Motor Company
- Toyota Motor Corporation
- Others
- Key Strategic Recommendations
*Financial information in case of non-listed companies will be provided as per availability
**The segmentation and the companies are subjected to modifications based on in-depth secondary for the final deliverable
List of Figures
Figure 1: Europe Autonomous Car Market Segmentation
Figure 2: Europe Autonomous Car Industry Value Chain Analysis
Figure 3: Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Figure 4: Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Figure 5: Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Autonomy, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 6: Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Autonomy, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 7: Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Type, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 8: Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Type, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 9: Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Application, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 10: Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Application, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 11: Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Country, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 12: Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Country, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 13: Germany Autonomous Car Market Size, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Figure 14: Germany Autonomous Car Market Size, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Figure 15: Germany Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Autonomy, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 16: Germany Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Autonomy, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 17: Germany Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Type, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 18: Germany Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Type, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 19: Germany Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Application, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 20: Germany Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Application, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 21: Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Figure 22: Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Figure 23: Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Autonomy, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 24: Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Autonomy, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 25: Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Type, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 26: Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Type, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 27: Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Application, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 28: Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Application, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 29: France Autonomous Car Market Size, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Figure 30: France Autonomous Car Market Size, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Figure 31: France Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Autonomy, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 32: France Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Autonomy, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 33: France Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Type, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 34: France Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Type, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 35: France Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Application, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 36: France Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Application, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 37: Italy Autonomous Car Market Size, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Figure 38: Italy Autonomous Car Market Size, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Figure 39: Italy Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Autonomy, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 40: Italy Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Autonomy, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 41: Italy Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Type, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 42: Italy Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Type, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 43: Italy Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Application, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 44: Italy Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Application, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 45: Spain Autonomous Car Market Size, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Figure 46: Spain Autonomous Car Market Size, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Figure 47: Spain Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Autonomy, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 48: Spain Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Autonomy, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 49: Spain Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Type, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 50: Spain Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Type, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 51: Spain Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Application, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 52: Spain Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Application, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 53: Rest of Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Figure 54: Rest of Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Autonomy, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 55: Rest of Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Autonomy, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 56: Rest of Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Type, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 57: Rest of Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Vehicle Type, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 58: Rest of Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Application, By Value, 2018-2028
Figure 59: Rest of Europe Autonomous Car Market Share (%), By Application, By Volume, 2018-2028
Figure 60: Europe Autonomous Car Market Share Analysis, 2020
List of Tables
Table 1: Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Autonomy, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 2: Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Autonomy, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 3: Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Type, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 4: Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Type, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 5: Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Application, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 6: Europe Autonomous Car Market Size. By Country, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 7: Europe Autonomous Car Market Size. By Country, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 8: Germany Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Autonomy, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 9: Germany Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Autonomy, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 10: Germany Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Type, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 11: Germany Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Type, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 12: Germany Autonomous Car Market Size, By Application, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 13: Germany Autonomous Car Market Size, By Application, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 14: U.K. Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Autonomy, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 15: U.K. Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Autonomy, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 16: U.K. Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Type, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 17: U.K. Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Type, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 18: U.K. Autonomous Car Market Size, By Application, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 19: U.K. Autonomous Car Market Size, By Application, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 20: France Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Autonomy, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 21: France Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Autonomy, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 22: France Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Type, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 23: France Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Type, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 24: France Autonomous Car Market Size, By Application, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 25: France Autonomous Car Market Size, By Application, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 26: Italy Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Autonomy, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 27: Italy Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Autonomy, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 28: Italy Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Type, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 29: Italy Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Type, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 30: Italy Autonomous Car Market Size, By Application, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 31: Italy Autonomous Car Market Size, By Application, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 32: Spain Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Autonomy, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 33: Spain Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Autonomy, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 34: Spain Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Type, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 35: Spain Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Type, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 36: Spain Autonomous Car Market Size, By Application, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 37: Spain Autonomous Car Market Size, By Application, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 38: Rest of Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Autonomy, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 39: Rest of Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Autonomy, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 40: Rest of Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Type, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 41: Rest of Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Vehicle Type, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 42: Rest of Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Application, By Value (USD Million), 2018-2028
Table 43: Rest of Europe Autonomous Car Market Size, By Application, By Volume (Thousand Units), 2018-2028
Table 44: List of Key Players and Their Offerings
Table 45: Competitive Benchmarking, by Operating Parameters
Table 46 : Tesla Inc. Company Overview
Table 47 : Tesla Inc. Financial Overview
Table 48: Daimler AG Company Overview
Table 49: Daimler AG Financial Overview
Table 50: PSA Group Company Overview
Table 51: PSA Group Financial Overview
Table 52: Renault Group Company Overview
Table 53 : Renault Group Financial Overview
Table 54: General Motors Company Overview
Table 55: General Motors Company Financial Overview
Table 56 Ford Motor Company Overview
Table 57 Ford Motor Company Financial Overview
Table 58 Toyota Motor Corporation Company Overview
Table 59 Toyota Motor Corporation Financial Overview
Market Segmentation
By Vehicle Autonomy
- Semi-Autonomous Car
- Level 1
- Level 2
- Level 3
- Fully Autonomous Car
- Level 4
- Level 5
By Vehicle Type
- Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
- Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
By Application
- Personal
- Commercial
By Country
- Germany
- U.K.
- France
- Italy
- Spain
- Rest of Europe
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